In this paper, an alternative approach in operational Modal analysis is presented, utilizing image processing technique and transmissibility functions. Imaging sensors do not impose additional mass on the structure due to their non-contact nature, while transmissibility functions, independent of excitation type, can directly extract mode shapes. The innovation of this research lies in combining these two techniques to record dynamic responses and identify Modal properties. To capture the temporal response history from video signals, the block-matching method with sub-pixel accuracy was employed. Validation was conducted by recording the response of the tip of a cantilevered steel beam subjected to impact excitation, using a high-speed camera and a laser vibrometer, simultaneously. The RMSE plots in the time domain and the PSD in the frequency domain indicate high accuracy of this method. Using this approach, the displacement time histories of various points on the structure were extracted from the video signals, and the Modal properties, including natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes, were identified using the transmissibility matrix method. The results obtained from the proposed method were compared with the stochastic subspace identification (SSI) method and analytical solutions. The findings reveal the accuracy of the Modal identification approach introduced in this article. The highest relative error in estimating the natural frequencies of the first and second modes, compared to the values from the laser method, are 0.19% and 0.13%, respectively, and in comparison to the analytical values, they are 0.34% and 1.5%, respectively.

Despite of achieving good performance in controlled environment, the conventional 3D face recognition systems still encounter problems in handling the large variations in lighting conditions, facial expression and head pose. The humans use the hybrid approach to recognize faces and therefore in this proposed method the human face recognition ability is incorporated by combining global and local Information to develop a robust face recognition system. In this papers, it is proposed that hybridization of global and local facial features and combination of 2D and 3D Modality helps in improving performance of face recognition system. The main issue of existing face recognition systems is the high false accept rate which is not desirable when security is the main concern. Most of the existing face recognition techniques overcome these problems with some constraints. However, the proposed methodology has achieved better results and succeeded in handling all the three issues. Also the use of 2. 5D images (Depth Map) and dimensionality reduced data (Eigen faces) has shown that the system is computationally reasonable.

Determining the Modal characteristics of structures such as natural frequencies and damping ratios is one of the most important issues in structural engineering. In this regard, providing a low-cost and robust experimental method against all types of noises is very important. In the present paper, a new algorithm for determining the natural frequencies and damping ratios of structures under impact loads using the proper orthogonal decomposition technique is presented. This method uses the vibrational response of the structure to impact loads, without the need to calculate the impact magnitude. One of the strength points of the proposed methodology is the accumulation of laboratory noises in the latest modes. In other words, in the process of calculating the frequencies related to the first few modes, laboratory noise does not enter the calculations and will be aggregated in higher modes that are less important. The feasibility and efficiency of the new method was evaluated using numerical simulations as well as laboratory validation. In this research, four pure numerical models were used to evaluate and validate the accuracy of the proposed algorithm. These models include a simply supported beam, a two-dimensional portal frame, a three-dimensional truss and a clambed-clambed beam. The natural frequencies and damping ratios of the mentioned models were calculated using the new method, then the results were compared with those that obtained from the finite element method. Very good agreement was observed between the results of the two methods. For further investigation, various states such as the effect of the noise on the results, the effect of multiple impact loads and the effect of the number of sensors were also studied. The results of these numerical studies showed that the proposed method is very stable and robust against laboratory noises and has small errors. Acceptable results can be obtained in using a few numbers of sensors (even one sensor) and repetition of the test. Also, the results for multiple impact loads are almost similar to the results obtained from the excited state with a simple impulse load. In this study, in order to further investigate the efficiency of the POD based method, a small-scale laboratory model developed at Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University and whose Modal Information has already been calculated using the closed image processing method, was studied. Good agreement was observed between the results of the two methods, so it can be another reason for the efficiency and capability of the new method. Based on various studies, it was concluded that for structures with low damping, the proposed method has acceptable accuracy and with increasing damping, the accuracy of the results gradually decreases. Since conventional structures have a relatively low attenuation, the proposed algorithm is very suitable for determining their Modal Information. The proposed method due to the availability, cheapness and no need for complex experimental tools can be used as a useful algorithm to determine the Modal Information of a structure as well as control the results obtained from other experimental methods.

There is a famous idea in Modal epistemology according to which conceivability of a proposition is a good guide for its possibility. Yablo (1993) persents a model for justification of Modal beliefs, based on which Conceivability of a proposition is evidence for its possibility. Van Inwagen (1998) believes that if we accept Yablo’s model, we have to accept Modal skepticism. To argue for this, Van Inwagen examines the Modal status of the proposition that transparent iron exists on Yablo’s model. Van Inwagen claims that this proposition is undecidable on Yablo’s model. So we cannot have a justified belief that it is possible that transparent iron exists. If van Inwagen’s claim about the Modal status of the proposition that transparent iron exists is correct, Yablo’s model, one might think, faces a serious problem. For if we generalize van Inwagen’s analysis of the proposition that transparent iron exists, we have to count intuitively possible propositions, propositions the Modal status of which can be intuitively known as possible, as undecidable. But it is quite plausible that our beliefs about the possibility of some intuitively possible propositions are justified, so these propositions are not undecidable. I will, however, argue that van Inwagen’s analysis of Modal status of the proposition that transparent iron exists cannot be generalized to all (or most) intuitively possible propositions. And therefore it is possible to accept at the same time both Yablo’s justification model and van Inwagen’s analysis about the Modal status of propositions like transparent iron exist.

Introduction: Evaluation of hospital Information system (HIS) is a complex endeavor, in which all human, technical and organizational aspects should be considered. This study aimed to develop indicators for HIS evaluation.Methods: Present qualitative study was carried out through a cross-sectional method in 2012 in Kerman province, using Delphi technique. Given the objectives of this study, three independent phases were performed including literature review, providing draft indicators for HIS evaluation and reaching consensus. Required data were obtained through interviews and designed forms. Twenty-three experts composed the study population in interview and reaching consensus phases. Validity and reliability were confirmed through content validity and test-retest method, respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results: Final set of indicators for HIS evaluation consisted of ninety-one indicators under 8 main topics, i.e. technical quality, software quality, architecture and interface quality, vendor quality, after-sale services quality, workflow support quality, support department, outcome quality and HIS cost.Conclusion: Given the complexity of Information system evaluation, all human, technical and organizational aspects have to be taken into account in any evaluation. Proposed indicators provide the possibility of comprehensive evaluation of HIS.

The relationship between term-subject and subject in the attrebutive theorem is (‘عقدالوضع’-Aghd Al-Vaz). According to Al-Razi pruport, the Modal of that relationship in Al-farabi’s viewpoint is contingency but Al-Tousi says Al-Farabi’s viewpoint is possibility Modal. So at last, two of them don’t accept Al-Farabi’s holistic view. On the other hand both of them say that Avicenna, however, accepts actuality Modal for ‘Aghd Al-Vaz’ in every theorem and this is the true Modal. So Al-Farabi doesn’t talk about the Modal of Aghd Al-Vad completely but it is understood that he looks at the relationship as a kind of theorem which accepts Modals. Therefore, Avicenna doesn’t accept actuality Modal for all theorems. So in this article, first of all we are going to check that possibility Modal and contingency Modal as a Modal of Aghd Al-Vaz is accepted by both Al-Farabi and Avicenna; in the second step we are going to show that the critic of Al-Razi and Al-Tousi in Al-Farbi is not seemed true.

This paper is concerned with the finite element analysis and Modal testing of an industrial radial flow impeller. The goal is to determine and verify the vibration characteristics of the impeller using both experimental and analytical techniques.The finite element model of the impeller with tapered blades was built using a 3D solid element. The convergence properties of the FE model was then verified by mesh refinement and mass distribution methods. Next, a pre-test plan was performed before conducting a Modal test in order to select the proper suspension points, driving point(s) and response points on the  impeller.Impact testing using hammer excitation and laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) response measuring techniques were used to measure the vibration properties of the impeller. Using a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer enabled the backplate modes to be described in terms of their nodal diameter components. The nodal diameters versus natural frequencies graph was then compared with the same results obtained from FE and hammer testing and showed good agreement. Finally, a parametric study was conducted on disc thickness, blade thickness, blade trailing, leading edge profiles and blade mistuning. It was found that the effect of varying disc thickness on the lower modes of the impeller was not significant. However, significant natural frequency shifts were observed for the higher modes. It was also concluded that varying the blade leading edge position had a marked effect on the natural frequencies while the lower modes were somehow insensitive to the variation of trailing edge position.

In this article, first we define a Kripke semantics for normal Modal Logic with a binary operator and we introduce a system K^2 which is sound and complete for this semantics. Then, we will introduce two translations and show that binary normal Modal logic K^2, and unary normal Modal logic K, i.e. Modal logic with one binary operator, are very closely related by these two translations. We call a translation a faithful interpretation if provability is preserved in both directions. So, with this terminology we will show that these two translations are faithful interpretation of K into K^2 and vice versa. A logic extending K will be a set of formulas containing K closed under its rules and uniform substitution. A logic extending K^2 is similarly defined. Finally, we will prove that the classes of logics extending K and K^2 are closely related as well and there is a 1-1-correspondence between the logics extending K and extending K^2.

In the present paper, we are to put forth a paradigm for the systematic study of Modality in Persian. With this end in view, we consider Modality as a linguistic phenomenon that can be expressed at the level of sentence, at the level of constituents smaller than sentence and/or at the level of discourse. In such a system where sentential Modality, sub-sentential Modality and discourse Modality are the main categories, each and every Modal element can be studied with respect to its phonological, morphological, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic properties. Previous studies, meanwhile, have morpho-syntactically limited Persian Modal system to Modal verbs, Modal adverbs and past tense, and among different aspects of Modality, have mainly focused on semantic properties of Modal elements. In the present pages, employing the proposed paradigm and introducing the three semantic dimensions of Modal force, Modal base and ordering source, and with regard to the literature on Persian Modal system, we introduce Modal nouns and Modal adjectives to this system and briefly explain the semantic and morphological properties of Persian Modal adjectives as well as some of the restrictions imposed on the nominal complements of these adjectives.

Introduction Modality, as a language category that reflects the attitudes of language speakers toward the possibility or necessity of the proposition in an utterance, is encoded by either free or bound morphological elements. The work conducted so far on Modality in the Persian language generally state that Modal elements in Persian include categories such as Modal lexical verbs, Modal auxiliary verbs, Modal adverbs, mental state predicates, and also Modal adjectives and nouns. These categories are morphologically free and are considered as phrasal or periphrastic elements. In addition to these free categories, there is a bound or affixal Modal element in Persian that introduces various Modal concepts. This bound element is the particle "-ā". Modal particles and discourse markers are both subsumable under the broad category of pragmatic markers. While discourse markers concern the structure or form of discourse, have no effect on propositional content, and occur freely in different positions of the sentence, Modal particles are highly content-dependent, have a fixed scope, are subject to heavy syntactic restrictions, and, most importantly, introduce subjective notions. The Modal element "-ā" attaches to the end of utterances and introduces a wide range of deontic and epistemic Modal concepts such as command, request, warning, threat, objection, sarcasm, complaint, predicting unfavorable circumstances, prohibition, and assessing a situation with astonishment. In all of these diverse concepts, the epistemic and deontic commitment of the speaker is evident; therefore, these Modal concepts are considered as speaker-oriented or subjective.   Materials and method Lyons (1977) is one of the pioneering and influential works on Modality. It proposes different types of Modality with respect to epistemic/deontic and subjective/objective dichotomies. Epistemic Modality concerns judgments about the truth of a proposition, while deontic Modality imposes or proposes a course of action or behavior on the addressee. On the other hand, subjective Modality indicates the speaker's commitment to the possibility, probability, and permission or obligation of the utterance, whereas objective Modality states the possibility, probability, and permission or obligation of the utterance based on objective facts. This investigation is conducted as basic descriptive research, and the gathered data belong to colloquial style and are collected from informal conversations among ordinary speakers.   Results and discussion The Modal particle "-ā" attaches to the end of utterances and introduces a wide range of deontic and epistemic Modal concepts. In following subsections, these notions are introduced and exemplified.   3.1. Deontic concepts Notions such as command, request, threat, warning, sarcasm, complaint, and objection are among the deontic concepts stated by Modal affix 'ā'.   3.1.1. Command (1) Passenger: mi-ʃe           ye  daqiqe     be-r-am        o    bar-gard-am?          PROG-become   one  minute  SUBJN-go-1SG  and   back-turn-1SG          Can I go out and return a minute? Driver: bo-ro … be-bin zud umad-i-'ā'.         IMPR-go … IMPR-see soon  come-PST- 2SG- 'Modal affix'         Go. … Look, come back soon.   3.1.2. Request (2) - be-bin   man   mi-r-am      o   zud   bar-mi-gard-am. IMPR-see  I  PROG-go-1SG  and soon back-PROG-turn-1SG Look, I will go and turn back soon. baše vali  zud       bi-a-i-'ā' all right but  soon   SUBJN-com-2SG-'Modal affix' All right but come back soon, please.   3.1.3. Threat (3)  mi-zan-am-'ā'     PROG-hit-1SG-'Modal affix'     (Stop it, or) I will hit you.   3.1.4. Warning (4) liz na-xor-i-'ā'     slip NEG-eat-2SG-'Modal affix'     (Be careful!) Don't slip.   3.1.5. Sarcasm (5) ye mowqe  soraq-i     az   mā   na-gir-i-'ā'    one time  seek-INDEF from we NEG-take-2SG-'Modal affix'    Don't seek us out at all! (Why don't you come to visit us?)   3.1.6. Objection (6) be-baxš-id-'ā' (un mowqe ke man jun mi-kan-d-am to koʤā bud-i?)    IMPR-forgive-2PL-'Modal affix' (that time that I soul PROG-extract-PST-1SG you where be-PST-2SG)    Hey, (when I worked hard, where were you?) 3.2. Epistemic Concepts Modal particle '-ā' introduces epistemic Modal meanings like predicting unfavorable circumstances and assessing a situation with astonishment.   3.2.1. Predicting unfavorable circumstances (7) (be ketri dast na-zan)           mi-suz-i-'ā'    (of kettle hand NEG-IMPR-hit) PROG-burn-2SG-'Modal affix'     (Don't touch the kettle) You will be burned.   3.2.2. Assessing a situation with astonishment (8) hesāb-i      ʧāq   ʃod-i-'ā'    much-INDEF fat become-2SG-'Modal affix'    You have got so fat.   Conclusion In all of the above mentioned diverse concepts, the epistemic commitment of the speaker to the possibility or probability of the occurrence of the event, or the deontic commitment of the speaker to the permission or obligation of the propositional content of the utterance, is clear; therefore, these Modal concepts are considered as speaker-oriented or subjective. One of the characteristics of the Modal particle "-ā" is that it applies on the entire simple or complex sentence, not just the verb or predicate. Another fact is that the Modal particle "-ā" is heavily context-dependent, with the situational context influencing the resultant concepts. Finally, the Modal particle "-ā" is predominant only in the spoken colloquial style of Persian, and this fact may explain its failure to attract proper attention from scholars.